Deep brain stimulation of Basal nucleus of Meynert for treatment of dementia

The prevalence of dementia doubles every five years, posing a growing health, social, and economic crisis. Despite extensive research, there are currently no effective treatments for dementia. The disease is characterized by abnormal protein accumulation and widespread neurodegeneration, disrupting brain network connectivity and leading to cognitive decline.

Dementia is associated with degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) —a critical structure that projects widely to the cortex and other brain regions involved in attention and learning. We hypothesize that NBM plays a key role in coordinating brain-wide communication essential for learning and attention and electrical stimulation of NBM with precise and naturalistic frequency patterns can restore healthy signaling in memory circuits and cognition in individuals with dementia. This study aims to uncover the role of NBM in cognitive processing and evaluate how electrical stimulation can restore normal cognitive function in rat models of dementia. Identifying optimal stimulation parameters will be crucial for designing future clinical trials of NBM deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Cortical neuromodulation of Pathological Basal Ganglia-Thalamocortical Subcircuitry for Treatment of Movement Disorders
(Collaborators: Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dystonia. However, its invasive nature often delays surgery until patients reach advanced disease stages. Additionally, DBS outcomes can be inconsistent, as precise electrode placement requires specialized expertise. Furthermore, DBS lacks sustained neuroplastic restoration, necessitating continuous stimulation and frequent battery replacement surgeries. To address these challenges, we propose developing mechanistically driven, minimally to non-invasive neuromodulation strategies that allow early intervention and individualized treatment. Our central hypothesis is that pathological basal ganglia (BG) signals can be modulated more effectively and safely at the cortical level through targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). To achieve precise, disorder-specific neuromodulation and restore healthy network connectivity and signaling, we propose a two-pronged approach: (i) Minimizing Unwanted Spread: Designing focal TMS coils to confine the electric field within a targeted region of interest (ROI), ensuring localized and selective neuromodulation. (ii) Optimizing Stimulation Patterns: Developing novel TMS burst paradigms to entrain neuronal activity, shifting oscillatory dynamics from pathological to functional states. By refining surface brain stimulation techniques, this approach aims to provide earlier, more adaptable, and non-invasive treatment options for movement disorder patients.

Pain and Addiction Research

Our laboratory is actively contributing to the Louisiana Addiction Research Center (LARC) initiative to develop new and effective non-opioid treatments for pain management and opioid addiction. Recognizing the urgent need for safer alternatives, our research focuses on neuromodulatory and pharmacological strategies aimed at addressing these critical public health challenges.

As part of this effort, our lab is engaged in the following projects:

1. Electrophysiological Characterization of Psychedelics – Investigating how different psychedelic compounds alter neuronal activity and brain connectivity to understand their therapeutic potential for addiction and pain modulation. (Collaborators: Murnane Lab)
2. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Addiction – Exploring the effects of DBS on addiction-related circuitry in a rat model of methamphetamine (METH) addiction, with the goal of identifying targeted brain regions for intervention. (Collaborators: Toms and Murnane labs)
3. Multimodal Non-Invasive Strategy for Pain Management – Developing a hybrid pharmacological and neuromodulation approach using transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) in combination with drug-based interventions to enhance pain relief and neuroplasticity. (Collaborators: Castagnola Lab, Louisiana Tech University, and Qi Cai Lab, LSU Baton Rouge)

Through these projects, we aim to contribute novel insights into the neural mechanisms of addiction and pain while advancing innovative, evidence-based therapies that reduce dependence on opioids.

Assessment of electrophysiological biomarkers and evaluation in patients

The primary goal of this study is to evaluate neuro-electrophysiological data for the development of objective biomarkers to quantify efficacy and/ or safety of neurosurgical interventions. This study involves both retrospective and prospective retrieval and processing of neurological, physiological, demographic, and clinical data, including vital signs, laboratory values, and intraoperative recordings from patients undergoing surgery, clinic visits, and hospital stays at LSUHS and other relevant databases. Importantly, the data collection process will not interfere with surgical procedures or impact their duration or performance.

Study goals:

1. Development of Multimodal Objective Measures for Neurosurgical Outcomes (Collaborators: Hoang Lab)
   • Analyze intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) data from spinal and cranial surgeries to identify potential neurological deficits and predict clinical outcomes.
   • Correlate IONM data with clinical findings and use computational tools to enhance its clinical interpretability.
2. Characterization of Electrophysiological Signatures in Movement Disorders (Collaborators: Toms Lab)
   • Assess microelectrode recordings from deep brain structures (e.g., basal ganglia and thalamus) obtained during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgeries to identify distinct neurophysiological patterns associated with different movement disorders.
3. Evaluation of Local Field Potential (LFP) and EEG in DBS Patients (Collaborators: Virginia Commonwealth University)
   • Analyze LFP and surface EEG data recorded during clinic visits from DBS patients to assess treatment efficacy and track disease progression.
4. Characterization of Electrophysiology in Epilepsy Patients (Collaboration: Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology LSUHS- Shreveport)
   • Examine surface EEG and stereo-EEG data from epilepsy patients implanted at LSUHS to investigate network dynamics and identify biomarkers for seizure localization and treatment response.

By integrating multimodal neurophysiological data, this study aims to advance biomarker discovery, improve patient outcomes, and refine neurosurgical and neuromodulation-based treatment strategies.

DTI Fiber Tractography for basal ganglia thalamocortical network in healthy subjects and PD patients (Collaborator: Dr. Christina Ledbetter)

Parkinson’s disease and dystonia are the two most common movement disorders. Although the phenotypes manifest as opposite to one another, they both can originate from similar pathophysiology. Lesions or damage to the Basal ganglia thalamocortical (BGTC) circuit can produce either of these symptoms. We have demonstrated that lesioning (silencing) of a discrete dorsal region in the globus pallidus (rodent equivalent to globus pallidus externa, GPe) in rats produced parkinsonism, while lesioning a nearby ventral hotspot induced dystonia. Fluorescent-tagged multi-synaptic tracers studies revealed that Parkinson’s hotspot fluorescently labeled a circumscribed region in the secondary motor cortex and dystonia hotspot labeled a region within the primary motor cortex. Parkinsonian features are thus explained by pathological signaling within a secondary motor subcircuit normally responsible for initiation and scaling of movement, while dystonia is explained by abnormal (and excessive) basal ganglia signaling directed at primary motor corticospinal transmission. In this study, we aim to validate these parallel circuitries in humans using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fiber tractography. By mapping BGTC connectivity in healthy individuals and PD patients, we seek to uncover distinct neuroanatomical signatures underlying these disorders, which may inform future therapeutic strategies targeting circuit-specific dysfunction.

1. Sconzo, Daniel, Felipe Ramirez-Velandia, Sandeep Muram, Alejandro Enriquez-Marulanda, Nimer Adeeb, Sandeep Kandregula, Deepak Kumbhare, …& Hamza Adel Salim. “Seizure Presentation and Incidence-Associated Factors in Treated Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: A Secondary Analysis of the MISTA Consortium.” Neurosurgical Review 48, no. 1 (February 22, 2025): 263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-025-03337-z.
2. “Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis of Resection and Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Adult Patients | Neurosurgical Review.” Salem M Tos, Mahmoud Osama, Georgios Mantziaris, Bardia Hajikarimloo, Nimer Adeeb, Sandeep Kandregula, Adam A Dmytriw, Hamza Adel Salim, Basel Musmar, Kareem El Naamani, Christopher Ogilvy, Douglas Kondziolka, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Deepak Kumbhare, … & Jason Sheehan. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10143-025-03431-2.
3. Basel Musmar, Nimer Adeeb, Hammam Abdalrazeq, Joanna M Roy, Stavropoula I Tjoumakaris, Hamza Adel Salim, Douglas Kondziolka, Jason Sheehan, Christopher S Ogilvy, Howard Riina, Sandeep Kandregula, Adam A Dmytriw, Kareem El Naamani, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Natasha Ironside, Deepak Kumbhare, …& Pascal Jabbour. “Outcomes of Arteriovenous Malformation Patients with Multiple versus Single Feeders: A Multicenter Retrospective Study with Propensity-Score Matching.” European Stroke Journal, February 15, 2025, 23969873251319924. https://doi.org/10.1177/23969873251319924.
4. “Comparative Outcomes of Arteriovenous Malformations Treatment in Eloquent versus Non-Eloquent Brain: A Multicenter Study with Propensity-Score Weighting - Basel Musmar, Nimer Adeeb, Hammam Abdalrazeq, Hamza A. Salim, Joanna M. Roy, Assala Aslan, Stavropoula I Tjoumakaris, Christopher Ogilvy, Mustafa K. Baskaya, Douglas Kondziolka, Jason Sheehan, Howard Riina, Sandeep Kandregula, Adam Dmytriw, Abdallah Abushehab, Kareem El Naamani, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Natasha Ironside, Deepak Kumbhare, … & Pascal Jabbour,.” Accessed March 4, 2025. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/17474930251323503.
5. “Optimizing Single-Position Prone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Exoscopic Technology: A Review of Key Innovations.” Christian Quinones, John Preston Wilson, Deepak Kumbhare, Bharat Guthikonda, Stanley Hoang. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/4/1132.
6. Siwakoti, Umisha, Steven A. Jones, Deepak Kumbhare, Xinyan Tracy Cui, and Elisa Castagnola. “Recent Progress in Flexible Microelectrode Arrays for Combined Electrophysiological and Electrochemical Sensing.” Biosensors 15, no. 2 (2025): 100.
7. Hamza Salim, Dawoud Hamdan, Nimer Adeeb, Sandeep Kandregula, Assala Aslan, Basel Musmar, Christopher S Ogilvy, Adam A Dmytriw, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Cagdas Ataoglu, Ufuk Erginoglu, Douglas Kondziolka, Kareem El Naamani, Jason Sheehan, Natasha Ironside, Deepak Kumbhare, … & Bharat Guthikonda. “Efficacy and Safety of Preoperative Embolization in Surgical Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Multicentre Study with Propensity Score Matching.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, February 6, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2024-334974.
8. Salem M Tos, Bardia Hajikarimloo, Mahmoud Osama, Georgios Mantziaris, Nimer Adeeb, Sandeep Kandregula, Hamza Adel Salim, Basel Musmar, Christopher Ogilvy, Douglas Kondziolka, Adam A Dmytriw, Kareem El Naamani, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Deepak Kumbhare, …& Jason Sheehan. “A Comparative Analysis of Microsurgical Resection versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade III Arteriovenous Malformations: A Multicenter Propensity Score Matched Study.”  Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 249 (February 1, 2025): 108669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108669.
9. Quinones, Christian, Deepak Kumbhare, Bharat Guthikonda, and Stanley Hoang. “Scoping Review of Machine Learning and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Spine Surgery.” Bioengineering 12, no. 2 (February 2025): 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020125.
10. Quinones, Christian, John Preston Wilson, Deepak Kumbhare, Anthony Sin, Bharat Guthikonda, and Stanley Hoang. “Stereotactic Navigation for Traumatic Parafalcine Subdural Hematoma Evacuation: Illustrative Cases,” December 30, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3171/CASE24541.
11. Bryce J Bonin, Scott Beckman, Ryan Diaz, Danielle Terrell, Sultan Mahmud, Mohammad Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan, Deepak Kumbhare, Amey Savardekar, Bharat Guthikonda. “Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Primary Treatment of Sporadic Small to Medium (<3 Cm) Vestibular Schwannomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” World Neurosurgery 194 (February 1, 2025): 123304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2024.10.033.
12. “Comparing Stand-Alone Endovascular Embolization versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Treatment of Arteriovenous Malformations with Spetzler-Martin Grades I–III: A Propensity Score Matched Study | Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery.” Basel Musmar, Nimer Adeeb, Joanna M Roy, Hammam Abdalrazeq, Stavropoula I Tjoumakaris, Elias Atallah, Hamza Adel Salim, Douglas Kondziolka, Jason Sheehan, Christopher S Ogilvy, Howard Riina, Sandeep Kandregula, Adam A Dmytriw, Kareem El Naamani, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Natasha Ironside, Deepak Kumbhare, … & Pascal Jabbour https://jnis.bmj.com/content/early/2025/01/26/jnis-2024-022326.abstract.
13. Quinones, Christian, John Preston Wilson, Deepak Kumbhare, Bharat Guthikonda, and Stanley Hoang. “Clinical Assessment and Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 19 (January 2024): 5719. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195719.
14. Wilson, John Preston, Bryce Bonin, Christian Quinones, Deepak Kumbhare, Bharat Guthikonda, and Stanley Hoang. “Spinal Anesthesia for Awake Spine Surgery: A Paradigm Shift for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17 (January 2024): 5326. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175326.
15. Kumbhare, Deepak, Megan Rajagopal, Jamie Toms, Anne Freelin, George Weistroffer, Nicholas McComb, Sindhu Karnam, Adel Azghadi, Kevin Murnane, and Mark Baron. “Deep Brain Stimulation of Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Improves Learning in Rat Model of Dementia.” bioRxiv, 2024, 2024–04.
16. Kumbhare, Deepak, George Weistroffer, Sofia Goyanaga, Zi Ling Huang, Jacob Blagg, and Mark S. Baron. “Parkinsonism Originates in a Discrete Secondary and Dystonia in a Primary Motor Cortical-Basal Ganglia Subcircuit.” Journal of Neuroscience Research 102, no. 4 (2024): e25328. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25328.
17. Wilson, John Preston, Lane Fontenot, Caleb Stewart, Deepak Kumbhare, Bharat Guthikonda, and Stanley Hoang. “Image-Guided Navigation in Spine Surgery: From Historical Developments to Future Perspectives.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 7 (January 2024): 2036. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072036.
18. Bonin, Bryce J., Scott Beckman, Ryan Diaz, Danielle Terrell, Sultan Mahmud, Mohammad Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan, Deepak Kumbhare, Amey Savardekar, and Bharat Guthikonda. “The Utility of Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Primary Treatment of Small to Medium Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” In Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base, 85:S146. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1779957.
19. Wilson Jr, John P.*, Deepak Kumbhare*, Sandeep Kandregula, Alexander Oderhowho, Bharat Guthikonda, and Stanley Hoang. “Proposed Applications of Machine Learning to Intraoperative Neuromonitoring during Spine Surgeries.” Neuroscience Informatics 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 100143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuri.2023.100143. * co-first authors
20. Kumbhare, Deepak, Md Ali Azam, Ravi Hadimani, Jamie Toms, George Weistroffer, Jayasimha Atulasimha, and Mark S. Baron. “Healthy and Pathological Pallidal Regulation of Thalamic Burst versus Tonic Mode Firing: A Computational Simulation.” NeuroReport 34, no. 16 (November 1, 2023): 773. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000001955.
21. Wilson, John Preston, Javier Brunet Vallejo, Deepak Kumbhare, Bharat Guthikonda, and Stanley Hoang. “The Use of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for Cervical Spine Surgery: Indications, Challenges, and Advances.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 14 (January 2023): 4652. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144652.
22. Edinoff, Amber N., Saveen Sall, T. Dean Roberts, Henry H. Tomlinson, Lenise G. Soileau, Eric D. Jackson, Kevin S. Murnane, Danielle M Wenger, Elyse M Cornett, Jaime Toms, Deepak Kumbhare, Adam M Kaye, Alan D Kaye. “Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder.” Neurology International 15, no. 1 (March 2023): 325–38. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010021.
23. Tashli, Mohannad, George Weistroffer, Aryan Mhaskar, Deepak Kumbhare, Mark S. Baron, and Ravi L. Hadimani. “Investigation of Soft Magnetic Material Cores in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coils and the Effect of Changing Core Shapes on the Induced Electric Field in Small Animals.” AIP Advances 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 025319. https://doi.org/10.1063/9.0000550.
24. Wilson, John Preston*, Deepak Kumbhare*, Charles Ronkon, Bharat Guthikonda, and Stanley Hoang. “Application of Machine Learning Strategies to Model the Effects of Sevoflurane on Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials during Spine Surgery.” Diagnostics 13, no. 21 (January 2023): 3389. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213389. * Co-first authors
25. Baron, Mark, Deepak Kumbhare, George Weistroffer, Sofia Goyanaga, and Zi Huang. “Parkinsonism Originates in a Discrete Secondary and Dystonia in a Primary Motor Cortical-Basal Ganglia Subcircuit,” August 26, 2022. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1953051/v1.
26. Tortolero, Ivan Carmona, Deepak Kumbhare, Jayasimha Atulasimha, Mark Baron, and Ravi Hadimani. “A Computational Basal Ganglia-Thalamocortical Circuitry Model for Parkinson’s Disease.” Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation 14, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 1617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.095.
27. Carmona, Ivan, Deepak Kumbhare, Mark Baron, and Ravi Hadimani. “Focal TMS Coils for Small Targets of the Motor Cortex with Increased Penetration Depth and Oriented Control of the Electric Field.” Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation 14, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 1704–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.372.
28. Carmona, Ivan C., Deepak Kumbhare, Mark S. Baron, and Ravi L. Hadimani. “Quintuple AISI 1010 Carbon Steel Core Coil for Highly Focused Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Small Animals.” AIP Advances 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 025210. https://doi.org/10.1063/9.0000219.
29. Azam, Md Ali, Deepak Kumbhare, Ravi Hadimani, Jamie Toms, Mark S. Baron, and Jayasimha Atulasimha. “A Computational Model of Thalamic Tonic-Burst Motor Projection Neurons and Their Regulation by Pallidal GABAergic Neurons.” bioRxiv, October 16, 2019, 806653. https://doi.org/10.1101/806653.
30. Stuart, Morgan, Chathurika S. Wickramasinghe, Daniel L. Marino, Deepak Kumbhare, Kathryn Holloway, and Milos Manic. “Machine Learning for Deep Brain Stimulation Efficacy Using Dense Array EEG.” In 2019 12th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI), 143–50, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/HSI47298.2019.8942619.
31. Syeda, F., D. Kumbhare, M. S. Baron, and R. L. Hadimani. “Modeling of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Versus Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease.” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2019, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2019.2904023.
32. Kumbhare, Deepak, Viktoras Palys, Jamie Toms, Chathurika S. Wickramasinghe, Kasun Amarasinghe, Milos Manic, Evan Hughes, and Kathryn L. Holloway. “Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Stimulation for Dementia: Theoretical and Technical Considerations.” Frontiers in Neuroscience 12 (2018): 614. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00614.
33. Kumbhare, Deepak, Kathryn L. Holloway, and Mark S. Baron. “Parkinsonism and Dystonia Are Differentially Induced by Modulation of Different Territories in the Basal Ganglia.” Neuroscience 353 (June 2017): 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.063.
34. Kumbhare, Deepak, Kunal D. Chaniary, and Mark S. Baron. “Preserved Dichotomy but Highly Irregular and Burst Discharge in the Basal Ganglia in Alert Dystonic Rats at Rest.” Brain Research 1624 (October 22, 2015): 297–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.018.
35. Kumbhare, Deepak, and Mark S. Baron. “A Novel Tri-Component Scheme for Classifying Neuronal Discharge Patterns.” Journal of Neuroscience Methods 239 (January 15, 2015): 148–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.09.015.

Tortolero, Ivan C. Carmona, Ravi L. Hadimani, Mark S. BARON, and Deepak Kumbhare. System and method for multi-coil steerable and selectively focussed transcranial magnetic stimulation. United States US20220241605A1, filed January 18, 2022, and issued August 4, 2022. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20220241605A1/en.

1. John Wilson, Deepak Kumbhare, Alexander Oderhowho, Bharat Guthikonda, Stanley Hoang. Development of an Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithm to Distinguish Neuromonitoring Waveform Changes During Spine Surgery. CNS Annual Meeting. 2023.
2. John Wilson, Deepak Kumbhare, Alexander Oderhowho, Bharat Guthikonda, Stanley Hoang. Feature Extraction Techniques for Characterization of Abnormalities in Somatosensory Evoked Potentials of Diabetic Neuropathy Patients. 2023 CNS Annual Meeting.
3. Prediction of readmissions in pituitary adenomas using machine learning algorithm. NASBS 2023. Sandeep Kandregula, Rachel Peterson, Deepak, Yim Michael, Bharat Guthikonda.
4. Predictors of 90-Day Readmission Following Surgery for Sinonasal Malignancies Using a Machine Learning Model. Sandeep Kandregula MD, Racheal Peterson MD, Rema Anisha Kandula MD, Deepak Kumbhare PhD, Bharat Guthikonda MD, Michael Yim MD. Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base. Volume 84. 2023
5. DiRocco S., Kumbhare, D., Weistroffer, W., Baron, M. Tonic pallidal neuronal rest activity holds thalamic neurons in a burst ‘ready’ mode, while phasic motor related pallidal signaling temporally modulates thalamocortical drive. Virginia Academy of Science. 2022
6. Hachmann, J., Rajagopal, M., Kumbhare, D., Holloway, K. Deep brain stimulation of Nucleus basalis of Meynert promotes cholinergic cell survival in demented rats. Resident research day, Virginia Commonwealth University. 2022.
7. Long Term Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of Nucleus basalis of Meynert in a Rat Dementia Model. AANS 2022. Megan Raggopal, Deepak Kumbhare, Kathryn Holloway.
8. I. Carmona, D. Kumbhare, M. Baron, and R. L. Hadimani, “Quintuple Carbon Steel Core Coil for Highly Focused Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Small Animals,” presented at the APS March Meeting 2021, 15-19 March 2021.
9. Kumbhare, D, Weistroffer, G, Baron, M. A novel phasic and restricted basal ganglia thalamocortical subcircuitry model. Movement Disorders, 2020.
10. I. C. Carmona, D. Kumbhare, M. S. Baron, R. L. Hadimani, “Design of a Highly Focused Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Small Animals” MMM 2020 Palm Beach, FL, USA, 4, Nov. 2020.
11. Stuart, M., Wickramasinghe, C.S., Marino, D.L., Kumbhare, D., Holloway, K.L., Manic, M., Machine Learning for Deep Brain Stimulation Efficacy using Dense Array EEG. 12th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI), Richmond, VA, USA, pp. 143-150, 2019.
12. I. C. Carmona, D. Kumbhare, M. S. Baron, R. L. Hadimani, “Design and Development of a Highly Focused Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Small Animals”, MMM 2019 Las Vegas, NV, USA, Nov. 2019.
13. F. Syeda, D. Kumbhare, M. S. Baron and R. L. Hadimani, “New Motor Pathway Model to Study Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease”, MMM-Intermag 2019, Washington DC, USA, Jan. 2019.
14. Kumbhare, D., Weistroffer, G., Baron, M.S. “A novel basal ganglia thalamocortical normal and pathological motor circuitry model”. Society for Neuroscience, Neuroscience 2019. Chicago, IL.
15. Weistroffer, G., Kumbhare, D., Baron, M.S. “Segregated anatomical and functional sub-circuits of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical network differentially contribute to distinct motor pathologies including dystonia and Parkinson's disease.” 2019. CVCSN. Charlottesville.
16. F. Syeda, A. Pandurangi, D. Kumbhare, M. Baron, and R. L. Hadimani, “Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Parkinsonian Motor Neurons,” APS March Meeting, Los Angeles, March 2018.
17. Kumbhare, D., Weistroffer, G., Baron, M.S., Huang, Z. “Refined basal ganglia model accounting for GPi modulation of thalamic tonic and burst modes”. American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2018. New Orleans, Louisiana.
18. Huang, Z. L., Kumbhare, D., Weistroffer, G., Huang, Z., & Baron, M. (2018, April). GABAergic basal ganglia output modulates tonic and burst modes of thalamic neurons. Journal of Neurosurgery. Volume. 128. Issue 5. 2018.
19. F. Syeda, A. El-Gendy, A. Pandurangi, D. Kumbhare, Mark Baron, K. Holloway and R. L. Hadimani, “Simulation of Cortical Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Motor Pathway for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease” MMM 2017, Pittsburgh PA, USA, November 6-10, 2017.
20. Kumbhare, D. Baron, M. Refined basal ganglia model accounting for GPi modulation of thalamic tonic and burst modes: 1199. Movement Disorders, 2016
21. Kumbhare D, Maidoh, T.A., Kelman, C., Holloway, K.L., “Micromapping of the subthalamic nucleus and zona inserta: noncontiguous areas of efficacy”. American Society for stereotactic and functional neurosurgery (ASSFN) Biennial meeting, 2014. Washignton DC.
22. D. Kumbhare, Tony Anene Maidoh, Craig Kelman, Kathryn Holloway. “Micromapping of the subthalamic nucleus and zona inserta: noncontiguous areas of efficacy”. American Society for stereotactic and functional neurosurgery (ASSFN) Biennial meeting, 2014.Washignton DC.
23. Kumbhare, D., Chaniary, K., Baron, M.S., “Persistently abnormal neuronal discharge activity in the basal ganglia and thalamus in spontaneously recovered dystonic rats”. Society for Neuroscience, Neuroscience 2013. San Diego, CA.
24. D. Kumbhare, Kunal Chaniary, Mark Baron. “Persistently abnormal neuronal discharge activity in the basal ganglia and thalamus in spontaneously recovered dystonic rats”. Society for Neuroscience, Neuroscience 2013. San Diego, CA.
25. D Kumbhare. “Neural Implants: applications and opportunity in the field of neuroengineering”. 2006. Sri Satya Sai Institute of Science & Technology, Sehore, India.
26. D. Kumbhare. “Neural signal activity and brain waves”.  2005. Sri Satya Sai Institute of Science & Technology, Sehore, India.